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Heartburn is a common digestive discomfort characterized by a burning sensation or discomfort in the chest, often behind the breastbone. It occurs when stomach acid backs up into the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus). The medical term for this condition is gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) or acid reflux.
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Causes of Heartburn
Several factors contribute to heartburn:
- Dietary Choices: Foods like spicy dishes, citrus fruits, chocolate, fatty foods, and caffeinated drinks can trigger heartburn. Additionally, alcohol and large meals may lead to acid reflux.
- Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, being overweight, lying down after meals, and wearing tight clothing around the waist can increase pressure on the stomach and push acid upwards into the esophagus.
- Medical Conditions: Pregnancy, hiatal hernias, and certain medications (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and certain blood pressure drugs) can also lead to heartburn.
Symptoms of Heartburn
Heartburn is often associated with:
- A burning sensation in the chest, typically after eating
- A sour or bitter taste in the mouth
- Difficulty swallowing
- A sensation of food being stuck in the throat or chest
- Discomfort that worsens when lying down or bending over
Managing and Treating Heartburn
For most, heartburn can be managed with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications.
- Lifestyle Changes:
- Avoid trigger foods and drinks.
- Eat smaller meals more frequently instead of large meals.
- Avoid lying down immediately after eating—wait at least 2 to 3 hours.
- Elevate the head of your bed if you experience heartburn at night.
- Maintain a healthy weight and quit smoking.
When to Seek Medical Help
If heartburn occurs frequently or is severe, it could be a sign of GERD. Left untreated, GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus. Consult a doctor if you experience:
- Frequent heartburn (more than twice a week)
- Difficulty swallowing or persistent nausea
- Unintended weight loss
- Chest pain, especially if accompanied by shortness of breath, could indicate a more serious condition.
